英语句型

基本句型一：主+谓+宾

主语 + 谓语 + 宾语

My father is a teacher.

宾语可以省略，只剩下主语 + 谓语。

It rains.

主语可以是从句。

That the earth is round is true.

谓语分成两种情况。

（1）谓语是主语发出的动作。

某些情况可能存在双宾语。动作的直接对象称为直接宾语，间接对象称为间接宾语。

She lent me her car.

上面示例中，her car 是 lent 的直接对象，因此是直接宾语，me 则是间接宾语。

如果间接宾语在直接宾语后面，两者之间需要添加介词，通常是 to。

She gave a pencil to me.

（2）谓语是主语的某种性质。

这种情况下，谓语称为系动词，宾语是补语（complement）。

She is sad. She seems happy. He became a policeman.

疑问词（what、when、who 等）可以用作宾语。

I want to know how to bake a cake. Tell me what to wear. Tell me where to buy tickets. She told me when to take my medicine.

谓语是感官动词（see、hear、fell 等）时，修饰宾语的动词不动式可以省略 to。

I saw him cry. I heard you scream. I felt the car shake.

使役动词也是类似用法。

I had her do her homework. Mother made me wash the dishes.

状语是对谓语的修饰。

A little dog sleeps on the door mat.

副词可以充当状语。

All of a sudden, she fell down.

状语如果是单个词，也称为补语。

That made them sad. They elected him class leader.

I lost the umbrella which I bought yesterday.

宾语从句可以直接充当宾语。

I think that she is polite.

使用从句，增加状语成分。

She is a student although she looks like a teacher. My little sister will cry if she is hungry.

The woman who sat on this sofa is Mary.

and、but 等词连接两个简单句。

My father is a teacher and my mother is a doctor.